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The Sierra de Tamaulipas is an isolated, semi-tropical mountain range in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Its highest point is 4,134 feet (1,260 mts). ==Geography and climate== The Sierra de Tamaulipas is about north to south and east to west at its widest point in the southern part of the range. It covers a total area of . The Sierra is located between 23 and 24 north latitude and 98 and 99 west longitude. Elevation ranges from to .〔"Sierra de Tamaulipas: RTP-91" http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/regionalizacion/doctos/rtp_091.pdf, accessed 26 Feb 2013〕 The Sierra de Tamaulipas has the characteristics of a Sky island—isolated from the Sierra Madre Oriental and rising high enough to have cooler and wetter conditions than the adjacent land at lower elevations. The area surrounding the Sierra at elevations below is vegetated primarily by a tropical thorn forest (Tamaulipan mezquital). The Sierra, with higher rainfall and lower temperatures, has three major vegetation types. Tropical deciduous forest (Veracruz moist forests) is found at elevations of . The average height of this closed-canopy forest is about . Montane scrub is found in dry areas between elevation. This vegetation type consists of low thickets and savanna. Huisache is a common shrub. Pine-oak forests found at elevations of greater than are an island of temperate forest in the ecoregion of Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests. In areas undisturbed by agriculture and logging, vegetation at the higher altitudes can be luxuriant with many ferns.〔Martin, Paul S., Robins, C. Richard, and Heed, William B. "Birds and Biogeography of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, an Isolated Pine-Oak Habitat" ''The Wilson Bulletin'', Vol 66, No 1 (Mar 1954), pp. 41-42, 55〕 In the southeastern part of the Sierra in the municipality of Aldama, Tamaulipas is a limestone karst area in which many caves and cenotes (water-filled sinkholes) are found, including Zacatón which is the deepest sinkhole in the world with a depth of .〔http://www.ri.cmu.edu/publication_view.html?pub_id=6144; "Cenotes de Aldama: RTP-94" http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/regionalizacion/doctos/rtp_094.pdf, accessed 26 Feb 2013〕 In 1994, cave-diving pioneer Sheck Exley died attempting to dive to the bottom of Zacatón. No major highways nor rivers cross the Sierra, nor are there any towns or cities. The population is rural. Abundant small, clear waterways drain from the highest points of the Sierra outward in all directions. Precipitation in the Sierra de Tamaulipas ranges from about at the lowest elevations to more than at higher elevations. Most precipitation is in the summer between May and October, although winters are not as dry as in much of Mexico. Freezes are rare at lower elevations, but common in the temperate forests at higher altitudes. The climate of the hamlet of Santa Maria de los Nogales is typical of the higher elevations of the Sierra. Climatic classification. Cwa (Koppen); Cwab (Trewartha) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sierra de Tamaulipas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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